Effects of temperature on action potentials and ion conductances in type II taste-bud cells

Temperature strongly influences the intensity of taste, but it remains understudied despite its physiological, hedonic, and commercial implications. The relative roles of the peripheral gustatory and somatosensory systems innervating the oral cavity in mediating thermal effects on taste sensation and perception are poorly understood. Type II taste-bud cells, responsible for sensing sweet, bitter umami, and appetitive NaCl, release neurotransmitters to gustatory neurons by the generation of action potentials, but the effects of temperature on action potentials and the underlying voltage-gated conductances are unknown. Here, we used patch-clamp electrophysiology to explore the effects of temperature on acutely isolated type II taste-bud cell electrical excitability and whole cell conductances. Our data reveal that temperature strongly affects action potential generation, properties, and frequency and suggest that thermal sensitivities of underlying voltage-gated Na⁺ and K⁺ channel conductances provide a mechanism for how and whether voltage-gated Na⁺ and K⁺ channels in the peripheral gustatory system contribute to the influence of temperature on taste sensitivity and perception.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The temperature of food affects how it tastes. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved are not well understood, particularly whether the physiology of taste-bud cells in the mouth is involved. Here we show that the electrical activity of type II taste-bud cells that sense sweet, bitter, and umami substances is strongly influenced by temperature. These results suggest a mechanism for the influence of temperature on the intensity of taste perception that resides in taste buds themselves.